Pengurusan saintifik

Pengurusan saintifik ialah teori pengurusan yang menganalisis dan mensintesiskan alir kerja. Matlamat utamanya adalah menambah baik kecekapan ekonomi, terutamanya daya pengeluaran buruh. Ia merupakan salah satu cubaan terawal menggunakan sains kepada kejuruteraan proses kepada pengurusan. Pengurusan saintifik kadangkala dikenali sebagai Taylorisme sempena pengasanya, Frederick Winslow Taylor.^[1]

Taylor memulakan perkembangan teori di Amerika Syarikat semasa 1880-an dan '90-an dalam industri pengilangan, terutamanya keluli. Puncak pengaruhnya tiba pada 1910-an;^[2] Taylor meninggal dunia pada tahun 1915 dan menjelang 1920-an, pengurusan saintifik masih berpengaruh tetapi tidak memasuki ke dalam sayembara dan sinkretisme dengan idea bertentangan atau pelengkap.

Walaupun pengurusan saintifik sebagai teori berbeza atau aliran fikiran menjelang 1930-an, kebanyakan temanya masih bahagian penting kejuruteraan industri dan pengurusan kini. Hal ini termasuk: analisis; sintesis; logik; kerasionalan; empirisisme; etika kerja; kecekapan dan penyingkiran sisa; pemiawaian amalan terbaik; sikap menghina bagi tradisi yang dikekalkan hanya untuk semata-mata kerana menyukainya atau untuk melindungi status sosial pekerja tertentu dengan set kemahiran tertentu; pengubahan pengeluaran kraf kepada pengeluaran besar-besaran; dan pemindahan pengetahuan antara pekerja dan dari pekerja ke alat, proses, dan pendokumenan.

Lihat juga

Sistem pembuatan Amerika Syarikat
Cheaper by the Dozen
Kesan Hawthorne
Henry Louis Le Châtelier (1850–1936), ahli kimia industri dan pengarang teks bahasa Perancis tentang Taylorisme
Modern Times (film)
The Pajama Game
Pandora's Box
Hans Renold (1852–1943), credited with introducing Taylorism to Britain
Stakhanovisme
Teori X dan Teori Y
Henry R. Towne (1844–1924), Presiden ASME dan pengarang The Engineer as An Economist (1886) yang sangat besar pengaruhnya
Perkataan per minit

Nota

^ Mitcham 2005, halaman 1153 Mitcham, Carl and Adam, Briggle Management in Mitcham (2005) p. 1153
^ Woodham 1997, halaman 12

Rujukan

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Templat:Hounshell1984
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Kanigel, Robert (1997), The One Best Way: Frederick Winslow Taylor and the Enigma of Efficiency, New York, NY, US: Penguin-Viking, ISBN 978-0-670-86402-7. A detailed biography of Taylor and a historian's look at his ideas.CS1 maint: postscript (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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Templat:Noble1984
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Templat:Sorensen1956
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Von Berg, A. (2009). Humanisierung der Arbeit. Neue Formen der Arbeitsgestaltung als Determinante von Arbeitszufriedenheit am Beispiel teilautonomer Arbeitsgruppen. Seminararbeit an der Georg-August Universität: Göttingen.
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Woodham, Jonathan (1997), Twentieth-Century Design, New York, NY, US and London, UK: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0192842048, OCLC 35777427

Bacaan lanjut

Aitken, Hugh G.J. (1985) [1960], Scientific Management in Action: Taylorism at Watertown Arsenal, 1908-1915, Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-04241-1, LCCN 84026462, OCLC 1468387. First published in 1960 by Harvard University Press. Republished in 1985 by Princeton University Press, with a new foreword by Merritt Roe Smith.CS1 maint: postscript (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Gershon, Richard (2001), Telecommunications Management: Industry Structures and Planning Strategies, Mahwah, NJ, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, ISBN 978-0-8058-3002-6
Morf, Martin (1983) Eight Scenarios for Work in the Future. in Futurist, v17 n3 pp. 24–29 Jun 1983, reprinted in Cornish, Edward and World Future Society (1985) Habitats tomorrow: homes and communities in an exciting new era : selections from The futurist, pp. 14–19
Scheiber, Lukas (2012), Next Taylorism: A Calculus of Knowledge Work, Frankfurt am Main, BRD: Peter Lang, ISBN 978-3631624050
Taylor, Frederick Winslow (1911), The Principles of Scientific Management, New York, NY, USA and London, UK: Harper & Brothers, LCCN 11010339, OCLC 233134. Also available from Project Gutenberg.CS1 maint: postscript (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)