Trichlormethiazide

Routes of
administrationOral (capsules, tablets, oral solution)ATC codeLegal statusLegal status Pharmacokinetic dataBioavailabilityVariably absorbed from GI tractExcretionPrimarily excreted unchanged in urineIdentifiersCAS NumberPubChem CIDIUPHAR/BPSDrugBankChemSpiderUNIIKEGGChEMBLCompTox Dashboard (EPA)ECHA InfoCard100.004.654 Chemical and physical dataFormulaC₈H₈Cl₃N₃O₄S₂Molar mass380.64 g·mol^−1 NY (what is this?)  (verify)

Trichlormethiazide (INN, currently being sold under the brand names of Achletin, Diu-Hydrin and Triflumen) is a diuretic with properties similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.^[1] It is usually administered for the treatment of oedema (including that which is associated with heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis and corticosteroid therapy) and hypertension.^[1] In veterinary medicine, trichlormethiazide can be combined with dexamethasone to be used on horses with mild swelling of distal limbs and general bruising.^[2]

As a diuretic (in particular a thiazide), trichlormethiazide encourages water loss from the body.^[1] Trichlormethiazide works by inhibiting Na⁺/Cl⁻ ion reabsorption from the distal tubules of the kidneys.^[1] In addition, trichlormethiazide increases the excretion of potassium.^[1]

Mechanism

Trichlormethiazide appears to block the active reabsorption of chloride and possibly sodium in the ascending loop of Henle. This results in excretion of sodium, chloride and water, and thus acts as a diuretic.^[1] Although trichlormethiazide is used to treat hypertension, its hypotensive effects may not necessarily be due to its role as a diuretic.^[1] Thiazides in general cause vasodilation by activating calcium-activated potassium channels in vascular smooth muscles and inhibiting various carbonic anhydrases in vascular tissue.^[1]

Synthesis

References