Seznec affair

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The Seznec Affair was a controversial French court case of 1923–1924.

Events

Joseph Marie Guillaume Seznec, born in Plomodiern, Finistère, in 1878 and the head of a sawmill at Morlaix, was found guilty of false promise and of the murder of the wood merchant Pierre Quéméneur, conseiller général of Finistère. Among other things, Quéméneur had strangely disappeared on the night of 25 to 26 May 1923 during a business trip from Brittany to Paris with Seznec, a trip that was linked (according to Seznec) to the sale of stocks of cars (left behind in France after the First World War by the American Army) to the Soviet Union. Though many other possibilities were advanced as to the disappearance and despite the body never being recovered, it was decided to pursue only the murder hypothesis. Seznec became the prime suspect as the last person to have seen Quéméneur alive and was arrested, charged and imprisoned.

Seznec was found guilty on 4 November 1924. During his eight-day trial, nearly 120 witnesses were heard. The avocat général had demanded the death penalty, but since premeditation could not be proved, he was instead condemned to hard labour in perpetuity. He was taken to the prison of St-Laurent-du-Maroni in French Guiana in 1927 and transferred to the Îles du Salut penal colony in 1928.

Benefitting from a remission in his sentence in May 1947,^[1] he returned to Paris the following year. In 1953, in Paris, he was reversed into by a van, which then drove off (the driver, who was later questioned, claimed not to have seen anything) and died of his injuries on 13 February 1954.^[2]^[3]

Possible miscarriage of justice

Throughout the trial and for the rest of his life, Seznec never stopped proclaiming his innocence. His descendants fought on to have the case reopened and clear his name (notably his grandson Denis Le Her-Seznec). Until today, all their attempts (nine total) have failed.

The "commission de révision des condamnations pénales" nevertheless accepted, on 11 April 2005, a reopening of Guillaume Seznec's conviction for murder.^[4] This decision could open the way to an eventual annulling of his conviction in 1924. The criminal chamber of the Court of Cassation, France's supreme judicial court, examined the case on 5 October 2006. At this point, Avocat général Jean-Yves Launay required the benefit of the doubt, to Seznec's benefit, raising more particularly the possibility of a police plot - the trainee inspector Pierre Bonny (twenty years later to be assistant to Henri Lafont, head of the Gestapo française) and his superior, commissaire Vidal were charged in the inquiry. At his side, the conseiller rapporteur Jean-Louis Castagnède maintained the opposite opinion, deducing on the one hand any such manipulation seemed improbable due to the few acts established by Bonny and on the other that the experts solicited by the cour de cassation had established that Guillaume Seznec really was the author of the false promise of sale of Quéméneur's property seized at Plourivo.

On 14 December 2006, the Cour de révision refused to annul Seznec's conviction, judging there was no new evidence to call doubt on Seznec's guilt,^[5] since the implication of inspector Bonny is (though an interesting element in itself) not new.^[6] The affair seems closed and a new request for an annulment unlikely. The Seznec family at first intended to take the case to the European Court of Human Rights, but gave up on their lawyers' advice.^[7]

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

fr:Arrêt n° 5813 du 14 décembre 2006 Cour de cassation - Chambre criminelle

The excavations of February 2018

In 1978, Petit Guillaume, one of the sons of the Seznec spouses, reportedly told one of his nephews that on the day of the tragedy (he was then 11 years old) he had heard Pierre Quéméneur making advances to his mother and having seen him on the ground, at his mother's feet, perhaps hit in the head with a candlestick. Based on these comments, since the court refused to have searches carried out in light of the December 2006 decision of the Court of Revision, lawyer Denis Langlois decided to undertake private searches on 24 February 2018 with the consent of the owner of the Seznec residence in Morlaix, in an attempt to uncover Pierre Quéméneur's body. During the excavations in the old cellar and cellar, a bone was found, which led to the cessation of private searches and the intervention of the police and justice. According to a medical examiner, the bone recovered was a head of femur. An investigation entrusted to the judicial police in Rennes was opened. At this point, there is no absolute certainty that these are human bones.

In popular culture

Several works have been published on the affair, and Yves Boisset directed the film L'Affaire Seznec in 1992, with Christophe Malavoy in the lead role and also starring Nathalie Roussel, Jean Yanne and Bernard Bloch.