Ali Sher Bengali
16th-century Bengali Islamic scholar
Shaykh Ali Sher Bengali | |
|---|---|
আলী শের বাঙ্গালী | |
| Personal | |
| Born | Ali Sher Srihatta, Bengal Sultanate |
| Died | 23 Safar |
| Resting place | Kocharab, Paldi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India |
| Religion | Islam |
| Flourished | 16th century |
| Denomination | Sunni |
| Jurisprudence | Hanafi |
| Other names | Ali Sher Bangali |
| Relatives | Nurul Huda Abul Karamat (ancestor) |
| Organization | |
| Order | Shattari |
| Muslim leader | |
| Teacher | Muhammad Ghawth |
| Based in | Ahmedabad |
Shaykh 'Ali Shīr al-Ḥanafī al-Bangālī (Arabic: علي شير الحنفي البنغالي; d. 1570s), or simply Ali Sher Bengali (Bengali: আলী শের বাঙ্গালী), was a 16th-century Bengali author, teacher and Sufi pir of the Shattari order.[1][2] He was one of the three khalifahs (successors) of Muhammad Ghawth Shattari.[3]
Background
Sheikh Ali Sher was born into a Bengali Muslim family of Sheikhs in the town of Sylhet in the Bengal Sultanate. His family traced their origins to Sheikh Nurul Huda Abul Karamat, a 14th-century Middle Eastern migrant who accompanied Shah Jalal in the Conquest of Sylhet and was later appointed as the second Wazir of Arsah Srihat.[4][5] He was a Hanafi.[6]
Life
In his youth, Sher began travelling across the subcontinent for further Islamic studies. When he reached Awadh, it is said that he saw Muhammad Ghawth Shattari in a dream. Sher then travelled to Delhi where he met with Ghawth and became his murid (student).[7] He was one of the two prominent Bengali students of Shattari, the other being Shah Manjhan of Lakhnauti. Shaikh Yusuf Bengali was a student of Ali Sher's contemporary Wajihuddin Alvi.[8]
Ali Sher Bengali was ordered to visit Ahmedabad in Gujarat and settle down at the Imad-ul-Mulk Rumi Masjid to become a teacher himself as a khalifa of Shattari. Among his notable students was Abdullah ibn Mahmud al-Husayni al-Bukhari.[6] Ali Sher was a critic of the Sur emperors who were then ruling the region.[9]
In 1571, Ali Sher Bengali wrote a book called A commentary on the excursion of the souls (Arabic: شرح نزهة الأرواح, romanized: Sharḥ Nuzhat al-Arwāḥ),[10] which contained the earliest recorded written biography of Shah Jalal in its preface.[11] Among his other books are Sharḥ Jām-i Jahān Nāma and Sharḥ Sawāniḥ. The works were compiled under the instruction of Muhammad Ghawth Shattari.[6]
Spiritual genealogy
Spiritual genealogy of Ali Sher Bengali is as follows:[3]
- Prophet Muhammad
- Ali ibn Abi Talib
- Husayn ibn Ali
- Zayn al-Abidin
- Muhammad al-Baqir
- Ja'far al-Sadiq
- Isma'il ibn Ja'far
- Abu Bakr al Ajli
- Taqi ad-Din Najib
- Ahmad as-Siddiq
- Sima al-Wasil
- Farid ad-Din Attar
- Khatir ad-Din Bayazid
- Muhammad Ghawth Gwaliori
- Ali Sher Bengali
Death
According to the guardians of his shrine, Ali Sher Bengali died on 23 Safar 970 AH (22 October 1562). He was buried near the Shahi Masjid in the neighbourhood of Paldi in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.[12] His urs is celebrated on 23 Safar by devotees every year.[13] However, Ali Sher Bengali wrote Sharh Nuzhat al-Arwah, which was in 977 AH (1571 CE) and according to Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi and the Gulzar-i-Abrar, he died a few years after 970 AH.[14]
References
- ^ Chattopadhyay, Bhaskar (1988). Culture of Bengal Through the Ages: Some Aspects. University of Burdwan. p. 211.
- ^ Ali, Syed Murtaza (1965). হজরত শাহ জালাল ও সিলেটের ইতিহাস [Hazrat Shah Jalal and the History of Sylhet] (in Bengali). Dhaka: University Press. pp. 17–22.
- ^ a b Ghazi, Syed Abdullah Shah, Hazrat Shah Muhammad Ghous Gwalior, India
- ^ "Hazrat Shah Jalal r.a". Aal-e-Qutub Aal-e-Syed Abdullah Shah Ghazi. 26 July 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ Choudhury, Achyutcharan. "1". Sreehatter Itibritta – Purbangsho (A History of Sylhet), Part 2. Vol. 1. Mustafa Selim; Source publication, 2004.
- ^ a b c al-Lucknawi, Abd al-Hayy (1999). Nuzhat al-khawatir (in Arabic). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Ibn Hazm.
- ^ Rizvi, Syed Muhammad Nir. صوفی یوگ گرو: شیخ محمد غوث گوالیاریؒ (in Urdu). Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
- ^ Quddusi, Mohammad Ilyas (2002). Khandesh Under the Mughals, 1601-1724 A.D.: Mainly Based on Persian Sources. New Delhi: Islamic Wonders Bureau. pp. 122–136.
- ^ Ersnt, Carl (1999). "The persecution of Muhammad Ghawth". In Fred De Jong; Berndt Redtke (eds.). Islamic Mysticism Contested: Thirteen Centuries of Debate and Conflict. Islamic History and Civilization. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
- ^ Abdul Karim (2012). "Shah Jalal (R)". In Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
- ^ Hanif, N (2000). "Jalal, Shaikh (d.1357 A.D.)". Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis: South Asia. Sarup & Sons. pp. 165–167.
- ^ Pandey, Shyam Manohar (1968). Sūfī kāvya vimarśa: Dāūda, Kutubana, Jāyasī tathā Mañjhana kī kr̥tiyoṃ kā adhyayana (in Hindi). Vinod Pustak Mandir. p. 155.
- ^ Raza, Asif (5 October 2019). माहे सफारुल मुज़फ्फर के महीने में किस बुज़रुग का उर्स किस तारीख को होता है. Muslim TTS (in Hindi).
- ^ Siddiqi, KM (11 August 2017). হজরত শাহ জালাল (রহ.) সম্পর্কে তথ্য বিভ্রাট. Daily Inqilab (in Bengali).
Further reading
- Muḥammad Ghausi Shattari; Fazl Ahmad Jiyuri; Z̲akir Ḥusain Shaikh. (۳۵۰) یاد شیخ علی شیر بنگالی. Gulzar-i abrar (in Urdu). pp. 308–309.
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Contemporary Persian and Classical Persian are the same language, but writers since 1900 are classified as contemporary. At one time, Persian was a common cultural language of much of the non-Arabic Islamic world. Today it is the official language of Iran, Tajikistan and one of the two official languages of Afghanistan.
